Method of forming blades



M. H. JOHANSON.

METHOD-0F FORMING BLADES.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 20, 1918.

Patented Oct. 26, 1920.

2 SHEETSHEET l.

awmwtoz ME efokanson, M

M. H. JOHANSONK METHOD OF FORMING BLADES.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 20, 1918.

1,356,628. Patented Oct. 26,1920.

2 SHEETS.SHEET 2.

M11. Jlkanson,

. UNITED STATES.

PATENT OFFICE.

MAG-NUS H. JOHANSON, OF ROCHESTER, NEW YORK.

METHOD OF FORMING BLADES.

Application filed April 20,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, MAcNUs H. JoHAN- SON, a subject of the King of Sweden, residing at Rochester, in the county of Monroe and State of New York, have invented new and useful Improvements in Methods single operation, from a suitable blank, of

a blade having a single cutting edge, or a plurality of cutting edges; and in itsextended development and preferred embodiment, a plurality of blades having a plurality of cutting edges, from a single blank.

In order that the method and mechanism may be clear to those skilled in the art, I have illustrated in the drawings which accompany and form a .part of this specification, the method and a mechanism by which the method may be practised.

It will be understood that such variations in the method as are" clearly within the range of my invention and comprehended in the claims appended hereunto, may be made without departing'from the. spirit of my invention.

In said drawingsz' I Fi re 1 is a view of the blank upon which the method is practised and from which the blades are developed.

Fig. 2 is a view of the blank, partly in section, to show a step of the method.

Fig. 3 is a view ofthe blank shown in Fig. 2, at right angles to the disclosure in that view.

Fig. 4 is a cross-sectional view to show the blankand the development of the blade.

Fig. 5 is a view in cross-section to show a slightly -difl'erent" form of blank, which may .be utilized in blade development, following the same method. 1 V

Fig. 6 is a view in cross-section of a com pleted blade, the blank being shown in dotted lines, this view being somewhat enlarged 'for clearness of illustration.

Fig. 7 is a'view of a stack of-blades, to. illustrate sale of trans ortation packaging. Fig. 8 is a view in e "vation o smacks 1913. Serial No. 229,795.

nism for blank.

Fig. 9 isa plan view of the mechanism sh wn in Fig. 8.

ig'. 10 is a detail View of the chuck head.

In practising the method which I have invented, I first cut blanks 10, of the length desired for the length of blade, from steel tubing, properly compounded to form good razor steel or steel of such quality as is necessary for the blades which are to be'produced. This tubing, in the embodiment here shown, is of a size in cross-section capable of producing two blades, but it is obvious that its-size may be increased,-if desired, so as to produce, in accordance with m method, more than twoblades.

The said blank 10 will then have formed on at least one of its ends, and preferably both, suitablemeans for engagement with blade-locking instrumentalitieson the safety razor holder, the present embodiment show-,.

ing this means as notches 11, formed by a milling orother suitable operation. In the present embodiment the notches 11 are.

shown as four in number, two at each end, and diametrically opposite. each other and in alin'ement longitudinally, although it is obvious that the number of notches would Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Oct. 26, 1920.,

developing the blades from a;

be increased if more than two blades are to be produced from, a single blank. Preferably, the end walls 12 of the notches 11 will be inclined as shown in-Figs. 2 and 3, in order that they may cooperate with the blade-locking means when mounted in a a razor holder.

. The blank, thus as are necessary or desirable to bring itto a proper temper for the f01ll13.t10110f,6l1tt111g blades,the blank in this form being of such weight and dimensions as thatl dange r of distortion tempering is elimmated' and the diflioulties experienced m tempering the blades after they are formed and the thin cutting edges are shaped, is entirely done away 'with.,' f

jected to the operation illustrated "diagram In this condition the blanks arethen sub-1 matically in Fig. 4, in which the outline of the blank is indicated by the dotted lines. 13, the blades 14 developed from the blank being-indicated'in full lines. The blade development is accomplished by removin at diametrically opp0S1ter/p0i11tS in the bank,

sections of the blank wall,-

present em bodiment showing the removal of luneshaped segmental sections 15. The removal of these sections, which may obviously be of aform other than the lune-shaped sections illustrated, results in severing the blank into a plurality of parts long1tudinally, with the opposite edge suitable for grinding and lapping to bring it to a sharp cutting edge leaving a relatively heavy central body portion 16 of suflicient rigidity to give an inherent stiffness to the blade as v a whole, this central body portion 16 not being subjected to the grinding or other operation for removing the segmental sections, and the inner semi-circular surface of the blank being untouched by the reducing or grinding instrumentalities.

The blank, when tempered, will have a hard skin or shell on the inside of the tube, and this shell will form the extreme cutting edge of the blade when the wall sections of the blank are removed in the manner heretofore described, so that a blade will be providedin which the cutting edge will be of proper temper to give a good razor edge.

It will be seen that the blades are in substantially finished condition, when developed as described, from the tubular blank; such slight stropping or lapping as is necessary to bring them to the final sharpened condition being performed in any desirable manner, and such stropping or lapping will ordinarily be confined to the outer surface of the blade, although, if desired, the inner edge of the blade may be slightly lapped or stropped to give it a finish.

In the developmentshown in Fig. 5, I

have illustrated the application of my this fo'rm may be closely packed or nested I to form transportation or sale packages, as

indicated in Fig. 7. Again, the substantially semi-circular contour of the blade brings the cutting edges into such positionrelative to the blade support, that the, cutting stroke will be more nearly parallel to the face and -like.that of the ordinary razor than is the case with the horizontally arranged or 'sli htly curved blades commonly in use.

t is obvious that thismethod of forming blades is not limited to the formation of any particular number of blades from a blank, for the complete tube, or section of a. tube,

. ference.

as herein disclosed, may, by'this method, be

so manipulated as to produce two blades or I creased by grinding through the wall of the blankat two or more points in the circum- For instance, by developing the method, and by appropriate mechanism, a tube might be ground through and cutting edges produced at 90 degrees, or at 45 degrees about the circumference, so as to give four or eight blades. This, extension of the method is, therefore, clearly within the ran e of my invention.

hile the method described may obviously bepractised by the use of various tools and mechanisms, I have shown in Figs. 8.to 10, inclusive, one convenient form of mechanism for carrying out the method ofproducing blades.

Referring to Fig. 8, which is an end view of a mechanism for practising the invention, 20 indicates a slide rest mounted upon a traversing body, not shown, towhich slide rest is secured a journal post 21, in which is mounted a rotating shaft 22 provided with any suitable driving means, such as pulley 23. The said shaft 22 has at its forward "end a chucking member comprising the chuck head 24 having the work-holding jaws 25, eccentrically disposed relative to the axis of the shaft 22, so as to lie concentric with a work-holding spindle 26, eccentrically placed relative to the axis of the rotating shaft 22; The spindle is of a diameter equal to the inside diameter of the tubular blank heretofore described, and of a length shorter than the length of that blank.

At its rear end, adjacent the chuck head 24, it-is provided with notch-engaging projections 27 adapted to' enter the notches in the blank and form an abutment therefor, said projections serving also to lock the blank against rotation on the spindle 26. The fingers 25 may be pivoted at 28 in the chuck head 24, which is cut away, as shown, to form recesses or seats for the fingers 25, with the fingers pivotedto the vertical wall of the recess, and springs 29 so disposed with respect to the rear ends of the fingers as to tend always to close the forward ends of the fingers upon the blank and spindle. The forward end of the fingers will be provided with notch-engaging dogs 30, which will drop into the notches at the end of the blank and lock it against longitudinal and also against rotative movement on the spindle.

With this construction, it will be seen that as the'shaft 22 is .rotated, the spindle 26 will have an orbital movement, so as to carry the spindle and the blank mounted thereon through a path eccentric to the center of rotation of-the shaft.

Arrangedfl adjacent the work-carrying spindle, so as to intercept the path of movement of the blank on said spindle, is a reducing instrumentality, which, in the present instance, is shown as a grinding wheel 32' mounted on a suitable slide 33, positioned upon a suitable rest 34, which grindingwheel is provided with -mechanism, not shown, but of any familiartypey for imparting a forward movement to the grinding wheel during the operation of reducing the blank, such forward movement of the grinding wheel being proportioned to give shaft into contact with the grinding wheel on a curved line, which will result in removing from the wall. of the blank the luneshaped segments shown in Figs. 4 and 5. When one side of the blank has been shaped, it will be removed from the spindle and reversed, and a similar reduction of the opposite wall of the blank will be. made, the operation resulting in the development oftwo blades from a single blank.

Such departures from this disclosure as. are within the realm of mechanical skill and expediency, are to be taken as within the range of my invention. e I claim:

1 .-The' step in the method of forming a" blade from 'a 'blankhaving a-face which consists in so removing a portion of said blank on a curved line so as to form a face intersecting the first mentionedface.

2. The step in the'. method of forming. a blade from a blank having a curved face which consists in so removing a portion of said blank as to form a face intersecting the first mentioned face. 7 3. The step inthe method of forming a. blade from a curved blank having a face which consists in so'removing a portion of said blank as to form a face intersecting the first mentioned. face.

4. The step in he methodof forming a plurality of blades from a singleflblank which consists in so removing'portion's o v I said blank as to form a plurality-offaces intersecting the face of said blank ,to 'deo velop cutting edges at the intersectlons of said faces.-.- 7

5. The step in the method of forming a .plurality of-blades from a'single blank hav ing a curved face, which consists in so removing portions of said blank as to form-.

a plurality of faces intersecting the face of said blank to develop cutting edges at the intersections of said faces. 6. The step inthe method of forming a plurality of blades from a single curved blank having a face, which consists in so removing portions of said blank as to form a plurality of faces intersecting the face of said blank to develop cutting edges at the intersections of said faces.

7. The method of forming blades which consists in rotating a blank having curvilinear surfaces, intermittently contacting a portion of said blank with a cutting element to remove a section of said blank and form a face intersecting the first mentioned surface.

8. .The method of forming blades which consists in intermittently contacting a por tion of a blank having a curved surface with 'a cutting element to remove a section of said blank and form a face intersecting the first mentioned surface.

9. The step in the method of forming blades which consists in cutting through the wall of a tubular blank to separate the blank into a plurality of blades and develop a plurality of cutting edges. 10'. The step in the method of forming blades which consists in cutting through the wall of a tubular blank on a curved line to and develop a plurality of cutting edges.

11. The method of forming blades which consists in rotating a blank about an axis and intermittently contacting a portion of separate the blank into a plurality of blades said blank with a grinding element to remove a section of said blank to form a cutting ed e thereon".

12. e method of forming blades which consists in rotating a blank and contacting a portion of said blank with a cutting element to remove a section of said blank and form a plurality of cutting edges thereon.

- 13. The method of forming blades which consists in rotating a curvilinear blank about an axis parallel to the axis of said blank and contacting a portion of said blank 'with a cutting element to remove a section of said blank to form a face intersecting the opposite face of said blank. 1

14. The method of forming blades which consists in rotating a curvilinear blank about an axis parallel to the axis of said blank, intermittently contacting portions of said blank with agrinding element to form a plurality of faces intersecting the opposite face of said blank. 15. The. method of forming blades which consists in rotating a tubular blank about an axis parallel to the axis of said blank intermittently contacting said blank at diametrically opposite points with a grinding element to form a plurality of. faces intersecting the inner wall of said blank:

16. The method of forming blades which l consists in tempering a blankcurved in cross-section; and cutting through. the wall of said curved blank from the outside, so as to form a cutting edge of the blade from the'inner hardened skin of the curved blank.

'17. The method of forming blades which consists in hardening a tubular blank; and cutting through the" wall of the blank from the; outside at such an angle as to leave the inner hardened shell of the blank projecting to form a cutting edge.

18. The method of forming a plurality of blades from a single blank which con-' sists in hardening a tubular blank, and cutting through the wall of the blank from the outside at a plurality of points at such an angle as to leave the inner hardened shell of the blank projecting to form cutting edges. a

In testimony whereof I have hereunto set my hand. v

MAGNUS H. JOHANSON. 

